Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• mass of sulfur over 500 cycles. Keywords: carbon/sulfur composites; cycling stability; distribution of sulfur in pores; hollow carbon spheres; lithium–sulfur batteries; Introduction In the past 20 years, rechargeable lithium–ion batteries have proven to be superior energy storage devices and have

• . Raiß et al. examined the behavior of sulfur in the presence of carbon in high vacuum and found that sulfur is redistributing rapidly. They concluded that for this reason, the analysis of carbon/sulfur composites by means of vacuum-based methods can be misleading [32]. In this work, we present the

• nitrogen physisorption for pores smaller than 2 nm. Carbon/sulfur composites To get an impression of how much sulfur can be loaded into the pores and the cavities of the hollow carbon spheres, we calculated which sulfur loadings can be reached by either filling only the pores of the shell of the HCS or by